Author: Kendall R. Fisher
Kendall’s practice focuses on U.S. federal tax issues related to domestic and cross-border mergers, acquisitions and debt and equity financings, as well as inbound and outbound tax planning related to multinational structures, tax treaties, controlled foreign corporation issues, passive foreign investment company issues, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), and the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act (FIRPTA). His practice also includes domestic business formations, joint ventures, acquisitions, combinations, sales, and general tax planning.
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Generally, an “inversion” is a transaction in which a non-U.S. corporation directly or indirectly acquires substantially all of the properties held by a U.S. corporation or partnership, after which the former owners of that U.S. corporation or partnership are in control of the acquiring non-U.S. corporation. Inversion transactions can take many different forms. Over the years, inversion transactions have continually drawn scrutiny, perceived to be transactions pursuant to which a U.S. company effectively changed its domicile to a non-U.S. jurisdiction and, accordingly, reduced its U.S. income tax liability. In response, Congress enacted the anti-inversion rules under Code Section 7874 as a means of discouraging inversion transactions and preserving the U.S. tax base. Under...
Canadian persons and entities owning a significant interest in a U.S. corporation or U.S. entity classified as a “disregarded entity” for U.S. federal income tax purposes should ensure they are compliant with IRS Form 5472 filing requirements to avoid substantial U.S. federal income tax penalties. IRS Form 5472, “Information Return of a 25% Foreign-Owned U.S. Corporation or a Foreign Corporation Engaged in a U.S. Trade or Business” must be filed by: (i) any U.S. corporation which has a Canadian shareholder that owns, directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the voting power or value of that corporation; (ii) any U.S. entity classified as a “disregarded entity” for U.S. federal income tax purposes that...
An often overlooked exception to U.S. withholding taxes may result in a lower overall U.S. tax burden. The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) was enacted in an effort to ensure that U.S. taxpayers could not avoid U.S. federal income tax on investment income through the use of non-U.S. accounts or entities. FATCA requires that certain foreign financial institutions (“FFIs”) and nonfinancial foreign entities (“NFFEs”) comply with information reporting requirements intended to identify U.S. account holders or U.S. owners. FFIs generally include banks, investment companies or similar financial institutions, and certain non-U.S. trusts while NFFEs generally include any entity that is not a financial institution. Under FATCA, a withholding agent that does not...
A Canadian which holds a partnership interest in a U.S. or non-U.S. partnership that has “effectively connected income” (“ECI”) is subject to U.S. tax withholding with respect to the Canadian partner’s allocable share of the partnership’s ECI. That withholding tax must be remitted by the partnership to the IRS irrespective of whether any distributions are made by the partnership in that tax year and irrespective of the Canadian partner’s ultimate U.S. federal income tax liability for that tax year. For this purpose, a “partnership” includes any entity classified as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes, including a limited liability company or “LLC” classified as a partnership. ECI generally includes all income from U.S....
The IRS has released a new webpage dedicated to the marijuana industry to help growers, processors, researchers and retailers understand and comply with their U.S. federal income tax responsibilities. The IRS Marijuana Industry webpage covers numerous topics that may be relevant for businesses directly engaged in, or related to, the cultivation, processing and sale of marijuana, including, without limitation, common U.S. federal income tax filing obligations, options for satisfying U.S. federal income tax liabilities, and penalties which will be assessed if such payment obligations are not satisfied on a timely basis. Perhaps of most significance, the IRS Marijuana Industry webpage also contains a series of FAQs including information on a number of common...
The CARES Act, signed into law on March 27, 2020 in the wake of the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, contained numerous changes to U.S. federal income tax law. One such change applied to the deductibility of net operating losses (“NOLs”). Legislation enacted in December 2017 commonly known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (the “TCJA”) prohibited the carrying back of NOLs to prior tax years and limited the amount of NOLs which could be deducted in any particular tax year to 80% of a corporate filer’s taxable income. Reversing course, Section 2303 of the CARES Act delayed the effective date of certain limitations in the TCJA by allowing a corporate taxpayer’s...
Current closures at the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) have caused significant delays in obtaining an Employer Identification Number (“EIN”) for some U.S. businesses formed by Canadians, including new U.S. subsidiaries formed by Canadian companies. An EIN is a nine-digit number that the IRS assigns to businesses, which is necessary for many essential tasks, including making U.S. federal tax filings, hiring employees, or opening and maintaining a U.S. bank account. Applicants with a “U.S. Responsible Party” (i.e., a CEO, CFO, or President with a U.S. Social Security Number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) are generally able to obtain an EIN through the IRS’ online application portal, which remains open. Most applicants lacking a U.S....
As Covid-19 continues to spread, many countries, including the United States and Canada, are increasingly closing their borders in an attempt to slow the rate of infection. This precaution may, however, have unintended tax consequences for Canadians who find themselves stranded on the U.S. side of the border for the duration of the shutdown. Under the substantial presence test, Canadians who are present in the United States for at least 31 days during the current year, and 183 days in the aggregate during the current calendar year and the two preceding calendar years, will be considered U.S. residents for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Specifically, this three-year test is calculated by adding: (i)...
